Based on available data, depression affects up  to 150 million throughout the world. Yet, relatively little information is known about the impact and role of diet in the development of depressive disorders. Research has suggested that omega 3 fatty acids, b-complex vitamins, as well as olive oil may have a role in preventing the development of depression.

A study published in PloS in 2011 (http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0016268), demonstrated that consumption of trans fatty acids (TFA) was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing depression. Compared with individuals who consumed a diet low in TFA, individuals with higher consumption of TFA had up a 48% increase risk of developing depression.

Cardiovascular disease and depression may share some common pathways ultimately related to subtype of fat intake. The adverse effects of TFA from a cardiac standpoint are believed to be the result of inflammatory substances produced from TFA metabolism (cytokines), as well as damage to the lining of blood vessels (endothelial dysfunction) from TFA byproducts. It turns out that inflammatory mediators, the cytokines, are also significantly elevated in depressed patients, along with noted damage to blood vessels-just as seen in patients with cardiovascular disease.

In a recent study published in the March, 2012 issue of Public Health Nutrition [http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8480071&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S1368980011001856 ] researchers examined the role that consumption of fast food and processed food had on development of depression. In a cohort of nearly 9,000 adults in Spain, individuals who routinely ate “fast food” (hamburgers, hot dogs, sausages, pizza) were about 40% more likely to develop depression than individuals who consumed minimal to none of these foods. Results of this study also demonstrated that the risk of developing depression was significantly greater with increasing amounts of fast food consumed. In addition, those participants in the study who routinely consumed commercially baked goods including muffins, donuts, and croissants were also at a significant risk of developing depression.

In summary, eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and fish is less likely to lead to developing depression. Those who consume processed meats, fried foods, excessive sweets, refined cereals and high fat dairy products have an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease and resulting depressive symptoms. Olive oil contains bioactive polyphenols with anti-inflammatory properties which may help repair and stabilize the lining of blood vessels (endothelium), helping to reduce the progression of depressive disorders.

Studies also suggest that those who follow the Mediterranean diet- which places a focus on fruits, vegetables and fish, and limiting meat and dairy products, have lower rates of Alzheimer’s and Parkinsons disease as they age–another medical benefit aside from reducing the incidence of depression.

The Mediterranean diet — rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and healthy oils — has been praised for its ability to stave off obesity, diabetes, heart disease and even arthritis and Alzheimer’s disease.

All the benefits come to naught, however, if no one is willing to follow it. While the obesity epidemic continues to grow in the United States, even those native to the birthplace of the Mediterranean diet have forsaken their healthful culinary roots for a more modern, processed, obesity-inducing diet.

As early as 2008, while the Mediterranean diet was experiencing a surge of popularity stateside, a United Nations report by Josef Schmidhuber, senior economist at the U.N’s Food and Agriculture Organization, wrote that the diet had “decayed into a moribund state” back in the 16 Mediterranean countries that made it famous.

Instead, those living around the Mediterranean wanted food that was “too fat, too salty and too sweet,” Schmidhuber said. Today, that trend continues, with researchers in the region reporting that more and more, young people are shunning traditional diets for processed food and a sedentary lifestyle.

“How tragic, then, that rather than importing the Med diet to the U.S., we are exporting to the Med region the very dietary and lifestyle practices that have given us rampant obesity and diabetes, and unsustainable disease care costs,” said Dr. David Katz, director of the Yale University Prevention Research Center.

But is the growing love of fast food and soda simply the exportation of the American diet, or is it the product of modern living and affluence? That even Mediterranean young people have opted for these kinds of cheap, fast, convenience food options might shed light on why the Western world, in general, is rapidly expanding its waistline.

Although undoubtedly one of the healthiest diets, the Mediterranean diet has received some flack in the United States for being an expensive one. The fresh produce, olive oil and fish that make up the staples of the diet are all many times more expensive than the processed meats, fats and carbohydrates that are the staples of junk food diets.

“Studies have shown that if you shop around the edges of the supermarket, where all the fresh produce and dairy is, you pay about 10 times more for every 100 calories of food you get when compared to shopping in the middle of the store, where the chips, snacks and processed foods are,” said Dr. Carla Wolper, senior clinical nutritionist at New York Obesity Research Center at St. Luke’s Hospital in New York City.

“The amount of junk food consumed in the U.S. has mostly to do with how cheap it is, especially in the recession.”

Other research has tracked how those on welfare eat and found that how much junk and fast food people consume is tied to how recently they received their welfare check, Wolper said.

“When people get their checks, they tend to spend it quickly, and toward the end while they’re waiting for the next check, that’s when they eat the most junk food,” she said.

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